Debian
Broken package
initscripts : Breaks: nfs-common (< 1:1.2.5-3) but 1:1.2.2-4squeeze2 is to be installed
If you're on Debian 6 (squeeze) do:
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
Make sure there are no lines like the one below:
deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian sid main
Check uname / version
uname -r
Cron log
cat /var/log/syslog | grep CRON
How to send mail to Gmail
If you are on Debian 7 as of 16/09/2013 I would advise doing the following:
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
Add the following line:
deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian wheezy main contrib
Then do:
apt-get update
Then follow this guide: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-use-gmail-as-a-smarthost.html
Afterwards comment out the new /etc/apt/sources.list line and do apt-get update again.
monit
apt-get install monit vim /etc/default/monit
Set startup=0 to startup=1
The config file is /etc/monit/monitrc
set httpd port 2812
use address 12.34.56.789 # only accept connection from localhost
allow 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 # allow localhost to connect to the server and
allow admin:password # require user 'admin' with password 'password'
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-install-and-configure-monit
http://viktorpetersson.com/2010/07/09/setting-up-monit-to-monitor-apache-and-postgresql-on-ubuntu
motd
mutt
http://solver.io/wp/2012/10/06/e-could-not-perform-immediate-configuration-on-exim4-daemon-light-please-see-man-5-apt-conf-under-aptimmediate-configure-for-details-2
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1672227
http://techteam.wordpress.com/2009/05/13/how-to-attach-large-files-to-command-line-email/
If you use mutt to send emails via scripts and get this message because the attachment is too large:
postdrop: warning: uid=0: File too large sendmail: fatal: root(0): message file too big Error sending message, child exited 75 (Deferred.). Could not send the message.
DO NOT install exim (especially if you have Proxmox installed) to try and solve the issue as it will do the following:
apt-get install exim4
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light Suggested packages: eximon4 exim4-doc-html exim4-doc-info spf-tools-perl swaks The following packages will be REMOVED: postfix The following NEW packages will be installed: exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light 0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 1 to remove and 31 not upgraded. Need to get 2,080 kB of archives. After this operation, 807 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Get:1 http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main exim4-base amd64 4.72-6+squeeze3 [1,016 kB] Get:2 http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main exim4-daemon-light amd64 4.72-6+squeeze3 [594 kB] Get:3 http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main exim4-config all 4.72-6+squeeze3 [462 kB] Get:4 http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main exim4 all 4.72-6+squeeze3 [7,812 B] Fetched 2,080 kB in 0s (7,680 kB/s) E: Could not perform immediate configuration on 'exim4-daemon-light'. Please see man 5 apt.conf under APT::Immediate-Configure for details. (2)
apt-get install exim4-base exim4-config
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
pve-kernel-2.6.32-19-pve
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
pve-kernel-2.6.32-19-pve
Suggested packages:
eximon4 exim4-doc-html exim4-doc-info spf-tools-perl swaks
The following packages will be REMOVED:
bsd-mailx postfix proxmox-ve-2.6.32 pve-manager
The following NEW packages will be installed:
exim4-base exim4-config pve-kernel-2.6.32-19-pve
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 4 to remove and 30 not upgraded.
Need to get 31.9 MB/33.4 MB of archives.
After this operation, 553 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
Get:1 http://download.proxmox.com/debian/ squeeze/pve pve-kernel-2.6.32-19-pve amd64 2.6.32-96 [31.9 MB]
Fetched 31.9 MB in 3s (8,937 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 56486 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing bsd-mailx ...
Removing proxmox-ve-2.6.32 ...
Removing pve-manager ...
Removing postfix ...
Stopping Postfix Mail Transport Agent: postfix.
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Selecting previously deselected package exim4-config.
(Reading database ... 55756 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking exim4-config (from .../exim4-config_4.72-6+squeeze3_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package exim4-base.
Unpacking exim4-base (from .../exim4-base_4.72-6+squeeze3_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package pve-kernel-2.6.32-19-pve.
Unpacking pve-kernel-2.6.32-19-pve (from .../pve-kernel-2.6.32-19-pve_2.6.32-96_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up exim4-config (4.72-6+squeeze3) ...
grep: /etc/inetd.conf: No such file or directory
Adding system-user for exim (v4)
Setting up exim4-base (4.72-6+squeeze3) ...
insserv: warning: script 'K01jira' missing LSB tags and overrides
insserv: warning: script 'jira' missing LSB tags and overrides
Setting up pve-kernel-2.6.32-19-pve (2.6.32-96) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-19-pve
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-19-pve
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-19-pve
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-18-pve
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-18-pve
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin
Found memtest86+ multiboot image: /memtest86+_multiboot.bin
done
apt-get install exim4-daemon-light
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: pve-kernel-2.6.32-19-pve Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following NEW packages will be installed: exim4-daemon-light 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 30 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/594 kB of archives. After this operation, 1,135 kB of additional disk space will be used. Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package exim4-daemon-light. (Reading database ... 58349 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking exim4-daemon-light (from .../exim4-daemon-light_4.72-6+squeeze3_amd64.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up exim4-daemon-light (4.72-6+squeeze3) ... Starting MTA: exim4.
If you start getting the following message:
mailx Can't send mail: sendmail process failed with error code 67
And you can't start Apache, you need to re-install pve-manager.
error code 67
If you get this error message when sending mail to a domain with mail externally but it is on the server:
Can't send mail: sendmail process failed with error code 67
Add the domain to this file and restart sendmail:
vim /etc/mail/relay-domains /etc/init.d/sendmail restart
MySQL
It is commonly easier to use this to dump and restore MySQL, instead of using mysqldump on the new server via .sql files:
mysqldump --default-character-set=binary --user=root --password=EnterPasswordHere databasename > dbdump.txt
mysql --silent --local --password=EnterPasswordHere DatabaseName < dbdump.txt
ReadyNAS
Install mplayer on Debian Wheezy
Add the following lines to your /etc/apt/sources.list file:
# Debian Multimedia Repository deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org wheezy main non-free deb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org wheezy main non-free
Then do:
apt-get update apt-get install deb-multimedia-keyring apt-get update apt-get install libimage-exiftool-perl ffmpeg apt-get install mplayer mencoder
Then comment out the following lines to your /etc/apt/sources.list file:
# Debian Multimedia Repository #deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org wheezy main non-free #deb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org wheezy main non-free
And run apt-get update again.
ReadyCloud page not working for ReadyNAS on Static IP
netstat -na |grep LISTEN |grep ':80\|:443' cat /etc/apache2/ports.conf ps aux |grep apache ls -l /frontview/dashboard cat nonadmin_redirect.html free -h cat /proc/meminfo locate error.log tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.log tail -f /var/log/frontview/error.log date tail -f /var/log/frontview/http-error.log hostname top systemctl status readynasd service ctscand stop ps -ef | grep ctsc systemctl status apache2 systemctl restart apache2 systemctl status apache2 ps -ef | grep readynasd systemctl status readynasd cat /etc/default/services | grep "FRONTVIEWLOCALE" btrfs fi show btrfs fi df /data df -h df -i cat /var/log/frontview/initrd.log
apt-get update fails due to static IP + DNS
Set date/time
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database
Or you can just install NTP (Network Time Protocol) using:
apt-get install ntp
Speed up SSH login
By default for some reason in Debian 6 (Squeeze) /etc/ssh/sshd_config does not have UseDNS=no within it. Add it into the file and restart SSH and this will greatly improve SSH login as a sudo user or root. GSSAPIAuthentication=no may also help.
Transmission
Config File configuration: https://trac.transmissionbt.com/wiki/EditConfigFiles
Pre-installation:
apt-get install vim ncdu
The easiest way to get this working is by doing:
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
Add in this line:
deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian sid main
Do apt-get update , then do:
apt-cache show transmission-cli | grep Version apt-cache show transmission-common | grep Version apt-cache show transmission-daemon | grep Version
apt-get install transmission-cli transmission-common transmission-daemon
Then, to edit the files without it overwriting /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json
Stop the service, edit the file, backup the file and then start the service.
/etc/init.d/transmission-daemon stop vim /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json cp /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json /root/settings.json.backup /etc/init.d/transmission-daemon start
Check /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json is the same file you edited and that it is owned by debian-transmission:debian-transmission
User has the wrong group
For example you want the files of the User tester to have the following User:Group setting:
tester:tester
However the system is creating files as tester:anotherGroupOrUser To resolve this log in as root and do:
usermod -g tester tester
This will set the tester User's primary group as tester.
Wordpress
If you are using a Vanilla build of a Unix OS you will need to do this so themes and plugins can install:
cd /var/www/vhosts/
chown www-data:www-data yourdomain.co.uk/* -R
Stop prompting for FTP credentials
echo "" >> /var/www/vhosts/yourdomain.co.uk/wp-config.php
echo "define('FS_METHOD', 'direct');" >> /var/www/vhosts/yourdomain.co.uk/wp-config.php
